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Hawthorne and His Mosses
"Hawthorne and His Mosses" (1850) is an essay and critical review by Herman Melville of the short story collection ''Mosses from an Old Manse'' written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1846. Published anonymously by "a Virginian spending July in Vermont", it appeared in the ''New York Literary World'' magazine in two issues: August 17 and August 24, 1850. An early, literary expression of the mid-nineteenth century Young America movement, the work has been cited as an important commentary on, and analysis of, the emerging "New American Literature."
==Background==
Melville met the author Nathaniel Hawthorne at a picnic and an ensuing hike up Monument Mountain in the Berkshires of western Massachusetts on August 5, 1850. Also among the hikers were James Thomas Fields, Cornelius Mathews, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.〔Wineapple, p. 222〕 Melville and Hawthorne established an immediate and intense connection. As a local journalist would later write: "the two were compelled to take shelter in a narrow recess of the rocks... Two hours of enforced intercourse settled the matter. They learned so much of each other's character, and found that they held so much of thought, feeling and opinion in common, that the most intimate friendship for the future was inevitable."
Melville had previously been given a copy of ''Mosses from an Old Manse'' as a gift but had not read it. It is unclear if he began writing the review of the book before or after meeting Hawthorne.〔Wineapple, p. 224〕 He was, however, certainly impressed by Hawthorne and, though the book had been published four years previously, he completed his review. Another of the hikers, Evert Augustus Duyckinck, publisher of the periodical ''New York Literary World'', offered to delay his departure for New York city until the manuscript was ready. As publisher of Hawthorne and friend of Melville, he saw its appearance in his magazine as a win-win situation.
Before learning the identity of the then anonymous author, Hawthorne's wife Sophia declared the essay to be written by "the first person who has ever, in ''print'' apprehended Mr. Hawthorne."〔Parker, p. 769〕 When she discovered it was Melville, she called him "an invaluable person, full of daring & questions, & with all momentous considerations afloat in the crucible of his mind."〔Wineapple, p. 227〕
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